Stock Price Trends

Carnival Corporation (CCL)

Carnival Corporation & plc is a British-American cruise operator, currently the world's largest travel leisure company, with a combined fleet of over 100 vessels across 10 cruise line brands.

Stock Price Trends

Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.

Key facts

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 42.44% per annum.
  • CCL price at the close of November 20, 2024 was $25.08 and was inside the primary price channel.
  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 548.69% per annum.
  • CCL price at the close of November 20, 2024 was inside the secondary price channel.

Linear Regression Model

Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi

Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)

Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)

where:

i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of CCL price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e


Primary Trend

Start date: June 13, 2022
End date: November 20, 2024

a = 1.2412

b = 0.0010

s = 0.1561

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0010) – 1
= 42.44%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.1561) – 1
= 86.74%

June 13, 2022 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y643)
= Exp(a + b × X643 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 935 + 2 × s)
= Exp(1.2412 + 0.0010 × 935 + 2 × 0.1561)
= Exp(2.4597)
= $11.70

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y643)
= Exp(a + b × X643 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 935 – 2 × s)
= Exp(1.2412 + 0.0010 × 935 – 2 × 0.1561)
= Exp(1.8352)
= $6.27

November 20, 2024 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 + 2 × s)
= Exp(1.2412 + 0.0010 × 1,826 + 2 × 0.1561)
= Exp(3.3233)
= $27.75

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 – 2 × s)
= Exp(1.2412 + 0.0010 × 1,826 – 2 × 0.1561)
= Exp(2.6987)
= $14.86

Description

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 42.44% per annum.
  • CCL price at the close of November 20, 2024 was $25.08 and was inside the primary price channel.

Secondary Trend

Start date: August 2, 2024
End date: November 20, 2024

a = -6.1479

b = 0.0051

s = 0.0369

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0051) – 1
= 548.69%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0369) – 1
= 15.89%

August 2, 2024 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,180)
= Exp(a + b × X1,180 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,716 + 2 × s)
= Exp(-6.1479 + 0.0051 × 1,716 + 2 × 0.0369)
= Exp(2.7163)
= $15.12

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,180)
= Exp(a + b × X1,180 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,716 – 2 × s)
= Exp(-6.1479 + 0.0051 × 1,716 – 2 × 0.0369)
= Exp(2.5689)
= $13.05

November 20, 2024 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 + 2 × s)
= Exp(-6.1479 + 0.0051 × 1,826 + 2 × 0.0369)
= Exp(3.2798)
= $26.57

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 – 2 × s)
= Exp(-6.1479 + 0.0051 × 1,826 – 2 × 0.0369)
= Exp(3.1324)
= $22.93

Description

  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 548.69% per annum.
  • CCL price at the close of November 20, 2024 was inside the secondary price channel.