Stock Price Trends

Visa Inc. Class A (V)

Visa Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Foster City, California, United States. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.

Stock Price Trends

Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.

Key facts

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 22.86% per annum.
  • V price at the close of April 24, 2025 was $335.71 and was inside the primary price channel.
  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 49.09% per annum.
  • V price at the close of April 24, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.

Linear Regression Model

Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi

Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)

Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)

where:

i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of V price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e


Primary Trend

Start date: August 23, 2022
End date: April 24, 2025

a = 4.7809

b = 0.0006

s = 0.0468

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0006) – 1
= 22.86%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0468) – 1
= 20.57%

August 23, 2022 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y586)
= Exp(a + b × X586 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 848 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7809 + 0.0006 × 848 + 2 × 0.0468)
= Exp(5.3527)
= $211.18

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y586)
= Exp(a + b × X586 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 848 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7809 + 0.0006 × 848 – 2 × 0.0468)
= Exp(5.1656)
= $175.15

April 24, 2025 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,823 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7809 + 0.0006 × 1,823 + 2 × 0.0468)
= Exp(5.9026)
= $366.00

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,823 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.7809 + 0.0006 × 1,823 – 2 × 0.0468)
= Exp(5.7156)
= $303.55

Description

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 22.86% per annum.
  • V price at the close of April 24, 2025 was $335.71 and was inside the primary price channel.

Secondary Trend

Start date: June 27, 2024
End date: April 24, 2025

a = 3.8809

b = 0.0011

s = 0.0374

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0011) – 1
= 49.09%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0374) – 1
= 16.12%

June 27, 2024 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,049)
= Exp(a + b × X1,049 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,522 + 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8809 + 0.0011 × 1,522 + 2 × 0.0374)
= Exp(5.6210)
= $276.17

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,049)
= Exp(a + b × X1,049 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,522 – 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8809 + 0.0011 × 1,522 – 2 × 0.0374)
= Exp(5.4716)
= $237.83

April 24, 2025 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,823 + 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8809 + 0.0011 × 1,823 + 2 × 0.0374)
= Exp(5.9503)
= $383.89

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,255)
= Exp(a + b × X1,255 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,823 – 2 × s)
= Exp(3.8809 + 0.0011 × 1,823 – 2 × 0.0374)
= Exp(5.8009)
= $330.60

Description

  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 49.09% per annum.
  • V price at the close of April 24, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.