Stock Price Trends

Visa Inc. Class A (V)

Visa Inc. is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Foster City, California, United States. It facilitates electronic funds transfers throughout the world, most commonly through Visa-branded credit cards, debit cards and prepaid cards. Visa is one of the world's most valuable companies.

Stock Price Trends

Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.

Key facts

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 23.67% per annum.
  • V price at the close of July 14, 2025 was $350.50 and was inside the primary price channel.
  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 42.40% per annum.
  • V price at the close of July 14, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.

Linear Regression Model

Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi

Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)

Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)

where:

i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of V price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e


Primary Trend

Start date: August 26, 2022
End date: July 14, 2025

a = 4.8034

b = 0.0006

s = 0.0466

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0006) – 1
= 23.67%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0466) – 1
= 20.50%

August 26, 2022 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y534)
= Exp(a + b × X534 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 772 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.8034 + 0.0006 × 772 + 2 × 0.0466)
= Exp(5.3459)
= $209.75

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y534)
= Exp(a + b × X534 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 772 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.8034 + 0.0006 × 772 – 2 × 0.0466)
= Exp(5.1595)
= $174.07

July 14, 2025 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,254)
= Exp(a + b × X1,254 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.8034 + 0.0006 × 1,825 + 2 × 0.0466)
= Exp(5.9588)
= $387.13

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,254)
= Exp(a + b × X1,254 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.8034 + 0.0006 × 1,825 – 2 × 0.0466)
= Exp(5.7723)
= $321.28

Description

  • The primary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the primary trend is 23.67% per annum.
  • V price at the close of July 14, 2025 was $350.50 and was inside the primary price channel.

Secondary Trend

Start date: June 27, 2024
End date: July 14, 2025

a = 4.1615

b = 0.0010

s = 0.0386

Annual growth rate:

Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0010) – 1
= 42.40%

Price channel spread:

Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0386) – 1
= 16.71%

June 27, 2024 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y994)
= Exp(a + b × X994 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,443 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.1615 + 0.0010 × 1,443 + 2 × 0.0386)
= Exp(5.6363)
= $280.42

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y994)
= Exp(a + b × X994 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,443 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.1615 + 0.0010 × 1,443 – 2 × 0.0386)
= Exp(5.4818)
= $240.27

July 14, 2025 calculations

Top border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,254)
= Exp(a + b × X1,254 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 + 2 × s)
= Exp(4.1615 + 0.0010 × 1,825 + 2 × 0.0386)
= Exp(6.0062)
= $405.96

Bottom border of price channel:

Exp(Y1,254)
= Exp(a + b × X1,254 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,825 – 2 × s)
= Exp(4.1615 + 0.0010 × 1,825 – 2 × 0.0386)
= Exp(5.8518)
= $347.84

Description

  • The secondary trend is increasing.
  • The growth rate of the secondary trend is 42.40% per annum.
  • V price at the close of July 14, 2025 was inside the secondary price channel.