PPL Corporation (PPL)
PPL Corporation is an energy company headquartered in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States.
Stock Price Trends
Stock price trends estimated using linear regression.
Key facts
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 36.55% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of December 2, 2024 was $34.44 and was inside the primary price channel.
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 63.36% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of December 2, 2024 was inside the secondary price channel.
Linear Regression Model
Model equation:
Yi = α + β × Xi + εi
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi + 2 × s)
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Yi) = Exp(a + b × Xi – 2 × s)
where:
i - observation number
Yi - natural logarithm of PPL price
Xi - time index, 1 day interval
σ - standard deviation of εi
a - estimator of α
b - estimator of β
s - estimator of σ
Exp() - calculates the exponent of e
Primary Trend
Start date: September 25, 2023
End date: December 2, 2024
a = 1.9515
b = 0.0009
s = 0.0334
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0009) – 1
= 36.55%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0334) – 1
= 14.29%
September 25, 2023 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y958)
= Exp(a + b × X958 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,392 + 2 × s)
= Exp(1.9515 + 0.0009 × 1,392 + 2 × 0.0334)
= Exp(3.2062)
= $24.68
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y958)
= Exp(a + b × X958 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,392 – 2 × s)
= Exp(1.9515 + 0.0009 × 1,392 – 2 × 0.0334)
= Exp(3.0726)
= $21.60
December 2, 2024 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 + 2 × s)
= Exp(1.9515 + 0.0009 × 1,826 + 2 × 0.0334)
= Exp(3.5765)
= $35.75
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 – 2 × s)
= Exp(1.9515 + 0.0009 × 1,826 – 2 × 0.0334)
= Exp(3.4430)
= $31.28
Description
- The primary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the primary trend is 36.55% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of December 2, 2024 was $34.44 and was inside the primary price channel.
Secondary Trend
Start date: June 7, 2024
End date: December 2, 2024
a = 1.0961
b = 0.0013
s = 0.0249
Annual growth rate:
Exp(365 × b) – 1
= Exp(365 × 0.0013) – 1
= 63.36%
Price channel spread:
Exp(4 × s) – 1
= Exp(4 × 0.0249) – 1
= 10.47%
June 7, 2024 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,135)
= Exp(a + b × X1,135 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,648 + 2 × s)
= Exp(1.0961 + 0.0013 × 1,648 + 2 × 0.0249)
= Exp(3.3617)
= $28.84
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,135)
= Exp(a + b × X1,135 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,648 – 2 × s)
= Exp(1.0961 + 0.0013 × 1,648 – 2 × 0.0249)
= Exp(3.2621)
= $26.11
December 2, 2024 calculations
Top border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 + 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 + 2 × s)
= Exp(1.0961 + 0.0013 × 1,826 + 2 × 0.0249)
= Exp(3.6010)
= $36.64
Bottom border of price channel:
Exp(Y1,257)
= Exp(a + b × X1,257 – 2 × s)
= Exp(a + b × 1,826 – 2 × s)
= Exp(1.0961 + 0.0013 × 1,826 – 2 × 0.0249)
= Exp(3.5015)
= $33.16
Description
- The secondary trend is increasing.
- The growth rate of the secondary trend is 63.36% per annum.
- PPL price at the close of December 2, 2024 was inside the secondary price channel.